Spruce budworm outbreaks and the incidence of vagrancy in eastern North American wood-warblers
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چکیده
The Tennessee (Vermivora peregrina), Cape May (Dendroica tigrina), Bay-breasted (D. castanea), and Canada (Wilsonia canadensis) warblers and the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) appear to show positive numerical responses to outbreaks of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana); the Magnolia (D. magnolia), Black-throated Green (D. virens), and Blackburnian (D. fusca) warblers may occur in lower numbers during outbreaks because of increased competition with these budworm specialists. Thus, we predicted that the number of fall vagrant Tennessee, Cape May, and Bay-breasted warblers and Ovenbirds occurring in California are highly positively associated with budworm population density, positively intercorrelated, and negatively associated with numbers of Magnolia, Black-throated Green, and Blackburnian warblers. A 23-year (1972–1994) data set of budworm population densities and vagrant warbler occurrences in California showed that (i) budworm population density was an excellent predictor (explaining about 50% of the variance) of numbers of occurrences of the Cape May, Bay-breasted, and Canada warblers; (ii) all warbler species tended to co-occur, with numbers of Cape May and Bay-breasted warblers especially highly intercorrelated; and (iii) Magnolia Warbler numbers were negatively associated with those of budworm specialists, but Black-throated Green and Blackburnian warblers showed no association. Résumé : La densité des Parulines obscures (Vermivora peregrina), des Parulines tigrées (Dendroica tigrina), des Parulines à poitrine baie (D. castanea), des Parulines du Canada (Wilsonia canadensis) et des Parulines couronnées (Seiurus aurocapillus) semble fortement reliée aux épidémies de Tordeuses des bourgeons de l’épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana); les Parulines à tête cendrée (D. magnolia), les Parulines à gorge noire (D. virens) et les Parulines à gorge orangée (D. fusca) peuvent être présentes en moins grand nombre lors des épidémies de tordeuses à cause de la compétition accrue que leur font ces consommateurs spécialistes des tordeuses. Nous avons donc posé en hypothèse que les nombres d’individus errants des Parulines obscure, tigrée, à poitrine baie et couronnée présents en Californie en automne sont fortement reliés à la densité des populations de tordeuses, sont fortement interreliés et sont en corrélation négative avec le nombre de Parulines à tête cendrée, à gorge noire et à gorge orangée. Une série de données couvrant 23 ans (1972–1994) de la densité de population des tordeuses et de la présence des parulines errantes en Californie a démontré que (i) la densité de population des tordeuses est un excellent indicateur (expliquant environ 50% de la variance) de la présence des Parulines à tête cendrée, à poitrine baie et du Canada; (ii) que toutes les espèces de parulines ont tendance à être présentes ensemble, le nombre de Parulines tigrées et le nombre de Parulines à poitrine baie étant particulièrement interreliés; et (iii) que le nombre de Parulines à tête cendrée est en en corrélation négative avec le nombre de consommateurs spécialistes de tordeuses, mais que la présence des Parulines à gorge noire et à gorge orangée n’est pas reliée à la présence des espèces consommatrices de tordeuses. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Vagrant Cape May Warblers [in northern California] reached a low of three... perhaps illustrative of cyclical populations in Canada. As yet no one has used comparative numbers of vagrants to measure population strength, but this technique may yet show potential. LeValley and Roberson (1983)
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تاریخ انتشار 1998